ABSTRACT Studies involving endophytic fungi isolated from endemic plants and their antibacterial potential are largely unknown in the Pampa biome. In this study, we identified endophytic fungi isolated from Kelissa brasiliensis (Iridaceae), an endemic species of the Brazilian Pampa, and assessed their antibacterial activity. Endophytic fungi were first grouped based on macro-and micro-morphology, and one representative of each morphospecies was analyzed using sequences from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region. We then tested the fungal extracts against laboratory isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli for antibacterial activity. A total of 30 endophytes were isolated from the tissues of K. brasiliensis, with the majority from the leaves. Endophytes were then grouped into seven morphospecies based on their morphological features and one representative from each was selected for phylogenetic analysis. The inference from the ITS rDNA sequences identified the endophytes of the seven selected morphospecies as belonging to six taxonomic groups: Colletotrichum (two), Diaporthe (one), Epicoccum (one), Fusarium (one), and Pestalotiopsis (one). The endophyte extracts revealed better results against E. coli than S. aureus, although the extracts from Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis sp. were statistically similar to the control antibiotic. Our study is a basis for endophytic fungi studies in Pampa.

Agaricaceae é a família tipo da ordem Agaricales e apresenta espécies de reconhecida importância nutricional e econômica. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi o levantamento das espécies de Agaricaceae em trechos de Mata Atlântica da Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, nas delimitações do Município de Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro. Serão apresentadas as espécies dos gêneros Agaricus, Cystolepiota e Lepiota coletados nas diferentes formações vegetais na Reserva Biológica do Tinguá. Foram registrados os seguintes táxons: Agaricus subrufescens Peck., A. dulcidulus Schulzer., Lepiota lilacea Bresadola., L. tepeitensis Murril., L. forquignoni Quélet., L. echinela var rhodorhiza (Romagn. & Locq. ex. Orton) Hardtke & Rödel., L. subincarnata Lange e Cystolepiota seminuda (Lasch) Bon. São apresentadas chaves dicotômicas para identificação de espécies; descrições, fotos de hábito, imagens de microscopia, ilustrações, distribuição, habitat, dados relativos às épocas de surgimento dos basidiomas e importância das espécies quando conhecida.

Agaricaceae is the type family of Agaricales and its species are of nutritional and economic importance. The main aim of this survey was to describe the Agaricaceae species of rain forest patches in the Tinguá Biological Reserve, located in the vicinity of Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. Species of the genera Agaricus, Cystolepiota and Lepiota, collected in different plant formations, are presented. The following taxa were recorded: Agaricus subrufescens Peck., A. dulcidulus Schulzer., Cystolepiota seminuda (Lasch) Bon, Lepiota. lilacea Bresadola., L. tepeitensis Murril., L. forquignoni Quélet., L. echinela var rhodorhiza (Romagn. & Locq. ex. Orton) Hardtke & Rödel and L. subincarnata Lange.A species key, descriptions, habit photo, microscopic features, distribution and species importance (when known) are given.